jueves, 9 de junio de 2016

The Five Brothers

 Our group is united, because we have somethings in common for example: we like the videogames, get together with friends, we like the sports specially the world football. Constantly we see videos from Youtube, our favorite youtubers are: HolaSoyGermán, Werrevertumorro, Lúcas Castel, ITownGameplay, Zacortgame, etc. 
 In this group we love to listen music, we like almost all the types of music except one: the actual cumbia. We like so much the movies of horror, action, and the comedic films.

The members of  our group are:

Kévin Benitez:

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Jose Moscoso:

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Oliver Zarate:

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Tomàs Pedroza:

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Kevin Rodriguez:

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Electronics is the study and use of electrical parts and circuits. These "electronic components" control electricity for useful purposes.
Electronic devices have many electronic components such as - resistorscapacitors, coils of wire called inductors, integrated circuits, connection wires and circuit boards.
Older devices used glass or metal vacuum tubes to control the flow of electricity. With these components a low power voltage can be used to change another, and that's why they are useful in amplifiers and switches.
By the late 1960's and early 1970's the transistor and semiconductor began replacing vacuum tubes. Transistors can be made much smaller than vacuum tubes and they can work using less energy.
At about the same time, integrated circuits (circuits that have a large numbers of very small transistors placed on very thin slices of silicon) became commonly used. Integrated circuits made it possible to reduce the number of parts needed to make electronic products and made the products much cheaper in general.
People interested in physics study how and why these electronic components work, and in addition they discover, invent, or improve them.
People who design, construct and maintain electronic components and circuits are called electrical engineers. They work in electrical, electronics and computer engineering .
Most electronic systems fall into two categories:
One way of looking at an electronic system is to separate it into three parts:
  1. Inputs - Electrical or mechanical sensors, which take signals from the physical world (in the form of temperature, pressure, etc.) and convert them into electric current and voltage signals.
  2. Signal processing circuits - These consist of electronic components connected together to manipulate, interpret and transform the information contained in the signals.
  3. Outputs - Actuators or other devices that transform current and voltage signals back into human readable information.
television set, for example, has as its input a broadcast signal received from an antenna, or for cable television, a cable.
Signal processing circuits inside the television set use the brightnesscolour, and sound information contained in the received signal to control the television set's output devices. The display output device may be a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a plasma or liquid crystal display screen. The audio output device might be a magnetically driven audio speaker. The display output devices convert the signal processing circuits' brightness and colour information into the visible image displayed on a screen. The audio output device converts the processed sound information into sounds that can be heard by listeners.
Analysis of a circuit/network involves knowing the input and the signal processing circuit, and finding out the output. Knowing the input and output and finding out or designing the signal processing part is called synthesis.

Analog circuits[change | change source]

Analog circuits are used for signals that have a range of amplitudes. In general, analog circuits measure or control the amplitude of signals. In the early days of electronics, all electronic devices used analog circuits. The frequency of the analog circuit is often measured or controlled in analog signal processing. Even though digital circuits are used more often, analog circuits will always be necessary.

Pulse circuits[change | change source]

Pulse circuits are used for signals that require rapid pulses of energy. For example, aircraft and ground radar equipment work by using pulse circuits to create and send high powered bursts of radio energy from radar transmitters. Special antennas (called "beam" or "dish" antennas because of their shape) are used to send ("transmit") the high powered bursts in the direction the beam or dish antenna is pointed.
The radar transmitter's pulses or bursts of radio energy hit and bounce back (they are "reflected") from hard and metallic objects. Hard objects are things like buildings, hills, and mountains. Metallic objects are anything made of metal, like aircraft, bridges, or even objects in space, likesatellites. The reflected radar energy is detected by radar pulse receivers which use both pulse and digital circuits together. The pulse and digital circuits in radar pulse receivers are used to show the location and distance of objects which have reflected the radar transmitter's high powered pulses.
By controlling how often the rapid pulses of radar energy are sent out by a radar transmitter (called the transmitter's "pulse timing"), and how long it takes for the reflected pulse energy to come back to the radar receiver, one can tell not only where objects are, but also how far away they are. Digital circuits in a radar receiver calculate the distance to an object by knowing the time interval between energy pulses. The radar receiver's digital circuits count how long it takes between pulses for an object's reflected energy to be detected by the radar receiver. Since radar pulses are sent and received at approximately the speed of light, the distance to an object can easily be calculated. This is done in digital circuits by multiplying the speed of light by the time it takes to receive the radar energy reflected back from an object.
The time between pulses (often called "pulse rate time", or PRT) sets the limit on how far away an object can be detected. That distance is called the "range" of a radar transmitter and receiver. Radar transmitters and receivers use long PRT's to find the distance to objects that are far away. Long PRT's makes it possible to accurately determine the distance to the moon, for example. Fast PRT's are used to detect objects that are much closer, like ships at sea, high flying aircraft, or to determine the speed of fast moving automobiles on highways.

Digital circuits[change | change source]


A resistor
Digital circuits are used for signals that repeatedly turn on and off.
Active components in digital circuits typically have a constant amplitude when turned on, and zero amplitude when turned off. In general, digital circuits count the number of times a component is switched on and off.
Computers and electronic clocks are examples of electronic devices that are made up of mostly digital circuits.
kevin benitez:

Electronics is the study and use of electrical parts and circuits. These "electronic components" control electricity for useful purposes.
Electronic devices have many electronic components such as - resistorscapacitors, coils of wire called inductors, integrated circuits, connection wires and circuit boards.


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oliver zarate :
Older devices used glass or metal vacuum tubes to control the flow of electricity. With these components a low power voltage can be used to change another, and that's why they are useful in amplifiers and switches.


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Jose Moscoso:
Digital circuits are used for signals that repeatedly turn on and off.
Active components in digital circuits typically have a constant amplitude when turned on, and zero amplitude when turned off. In general, digital circuits count the number of times a component is switched on and off.


Audio recording software >>


Tomas Pedroza:
Analog circuits are used for signals that have a range of amplitudes. In general, analog circuits measure or control the amplitude of signals. In the early days of electronics, all electronic devices used analog circuits. The frequency of the analog circuit is often measured or controlled in analog signal processing. Even though digital circuits are used more often, analog circuits will always be necessary.


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Kevin Rodriguez:
The display output devices convert the signal processing circuits' brightness and colour information into the visible image displayed on a screen. The audio output device converts the processed sound information into sounds that can be heard by listeners.


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How Batteries Work.



How batteries work - Adam Jacobson

Let’s Begin…

Batteries are a triumph of science—they allow smartphones and other technologies to exist without anchoring us to an infernal tangle of power cables. Yet even the best batteries will diminish daily, slowly losing capacity until they finally die. Why does this happen, and how do our batteries even store so much charge in the first place? Adam Jacobson gives the basics on batteries.

1)_Scientists in the 1700's were aware of electricity, but they were not sure _B___
A)_How to observe it in experiments
B)_What caused electric current to flow
C)_Whether electricity had any effect on living organisms
D)_If electricity would flow through metal

2)_Oxidation and reduction are processes through which ___B__
A)_ Electricity is created from solar energy
B)_ Substances lose and gain electrons
C)_ A substance changes from one metal into another
D)_ Gas molecules are converted to solid metal

3)_ Rechargeable batteries are different than standard batteries because __A___.
A)_ Their oxidation-reduction reactions are reversible
B)_ They can be reused indefinitely
C)_ They rely on moving protons instead of moving electrons
D)_ They rely on oxidation, but not reduction

4)_Rechargeable batteries can no longer function when __D___.
A)_ They are unplugged from a wall charger
B)_ They have been recharged 10 times
C)_ The temperature is too low
D)_ Changes to their surfaces prevent electrons from flowing

5)_Batteries enable us to __A___.
A)_ Store electric charge in a portable way
B)_ Always stay connected to the power grid
C)_ Create electrical energy
D)_ Convert solar energy into electrical energy


6)_The tissue of living organisms does not contain solid metal, like a copper wire or a zinc plate. However, electric current flows through nerves and muscles. How does current flow through living tissue? (Hint: think about the paper and cloth layers in Volta’s pile)

ANSWER:

because threre are chemical sustances that carry electrons

7)_Why do rechargeable batteries eventually lose their ability to be recharged?
answer:

when we charge the battery electrons flow to the opposite side when you constantly do the metal surface is damaged by not moving electrons


ELECTRONICS: How Batteries Work.


  • Complete the text. Use: daily / power / phones / batteries / science / slowly/ finally


Batteries are a triumph of -1-s.......science...... because they allow smart -2-p......phones.......... and other technologies to exist without making us to a infernal tangle of -3-...........  cables. Yet even the best  -4-........batteries..........  will diminish -5-.......slowly........ , -6-...........power.......  losing capacity until they -7-......... finally ...................die.


  • Answer

  1. Where were Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta from?
  2. When did they become important scientists?
  3. Which animal did they use for their experiments?
1): Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta from is italy
2):in 1780 become the most important scientists of the world
3):a frog used for experiments


  • Complete these ideas with verbs in the Passive Voice. Why do you need PRESENT tense only?

e.g. In this experiment copper and zinc are stacked with pieces of paper. (stack)
  1. The reactions in a battery ________ __are called______ “oxidation” and “reduction”. (call)
  2. Electrons ________  ____are losed_____ in a process called “oxidation” (lose)
  3. These electrons  ________are regaineed_  __________ by the water. (regain)
  4. Hydrogen gas _____are __produced__  _________ in the “reduction” process. (produce)
  5. The standard unit of electric potential  _______are__called  _________  “volt” (call)
  6. A flow of electrons between two metals  ____are produced_____  _________ by the combination of “oxidation” and “reduction” processes. (produce)


  • Are these sentences TRUE or FALSE?

  1. In modern batteries, scientists replaced the chemical solution with dry cells filled with chemical paste. __false_
  2. The principle is completely different (from old batteries). _true__
  3. A metal oxidizes sending electrons to do some work before they are regained by a substance being reduced.__false_
  4. The battery dies when it has oxidised. ___true
  5. Electricity provides more electrons for the metal to be oxidised. ___true

  • Put these events in chronological order. Complete who did what.

(according to the video). Copy the final narrative text.


Who?

What did he/they do in the experiment?







Luigi Galvani

Alessandro Volta

Both
a-
called the violent movement of the leg: “animal electricity”. (0 1:06)
b-
made an experiment with zinc and copper separated by paper soaked in a salt water solution. (01:30)
c-
used a metal instrument to touch the frog’s leg making the leg muscles jump. (01:03-04)
d-
were Italian scientists in the 18 Century.   (00:48)
e-
created the first battery. (00:23)
f-
thought that there wasn’t an “animal electricity” but a reaction to the metallic tool.. (01:17)
g-
made an experiment with frogs. (00:57)
h-
thought that this electricity was the essence of life. (01:07

created the first battery. (00:23)
were Italian scientists in the 18 Century.   (00:48)
made an experiment with frogs. (00:57)
used a metal instrument to touch the frog’s leg making the leg muscles jump. (01:03-04)
called the violent movement of the leg: “animal electricity”. (0 1:06)
thought that this electricity was the essence of life. (01:07)
thought that there wasn’t an “animal electricity” but a reaction to the metallic tool.. (01:17)
made an experiment with zinc and copper separated by paper soaked in a salt water solution. (01:30)
but even the rechargable batteries don "t last forever.over time,the repetition of this process causes imperfections and irregularities in the metal surface depreventing from oxidation propely.the electrons aren"t long trable to flowin the circuit and the battery dies.somme everydays rechargable batteries will dies after only whundreds of descharge-recharge cicles .






  • Make a list of  6 (six) NEW or OLD technical vocabulary items (learned or revised in this video)


  • OLD VOCABULARY
    NEW VOCABULARY
    time
    e.g.
    electrons
    --
    1:42
    1-
    cooper
    1:35
    2-
    electricity

    2:54
    3-
    plug

    2:59
    4-
    battery.
    3:08
    5-
    circuit
    3:22
    6-
    volt
    2:05

glossary:
made an experiment with zinc and copper separated by paper soaked in a salt water solution.

thought that there wasn’t an “animal electricity” but a reaction to the metallic tool.

Batteries are a triumph of science—they allow smartphones and other technologies